Learning Radiology - Fahr Disease             Fahr Disease Submitted by Andrew Hwang, MD Part of a spectrum of diseases

LearningRadiology - Diffuse Small Bowel Disease             Diffuse Small Bowel Disease Click on Blue Links for Imaging Examples   Sprue   • 3

LearningRadiology - Crohn Disease, Regional Enteritis             Crohn Disease Regional Enteritis Pathology         • Non-caseating granulomas involved with transmural inflammation of the

LearningRadiology - Crohn Disease, Regional Enteritis             Crohn Disease Regional Enteritis Pathology        • Non-caseating granulomas involved with transmural inflammation of the

LearningRadiology - The ABCs of Heart Disease             The ABCs of Heart Disease William Herring

LearningRadiology - Craniometaphyseal Dysplasia, Pyle's Disease             Craniometaphyseal Dysplasia Pyle's Disease Unknown mode of inheritance Clinical Large, broad head

LearningRadiology - Adult, Polycystic, Kidney, Disease, infantile, APKD             Polycystic Kidney Disease Two major types: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (Adult Polycystic Kidney

Learning Radiology - Diffuse Small Bowel Disease Pictorial Differential Diagnosis             Diffuse Small Bowel Disease Pictorial Differential Diagnosis Click on image to

LearningRadiology - Diffuse Small Bowel Disease             Diffuse Small Bowel Disease Click on Blue Links for Imaging Examples   Sprue   • 3

LearningRadiology.com-Imaging in PID, US and CT,pelvic,inflammatory,disease

Learning Radiology - Osteosarcoma in Paget Disease             Osteosarcoma in Paget Disease Occurs in < 1% of

LearningRadiology - Osteopetrosis, Albers-Schönberg, Disease, Marble, Bone             Osteopetrosis Albers-Schönberg Disease, Marble Bone Disease   General Considerations Rare hereditary disorder

LearningRadiology - Budd-Chiari Syndrome, Hepatic Venous Occlusive Disease             Budd-Chiari Syndrome Hepatic Venous Occlusive Disease   Obstruction to hepatic venous

LearningRadiology - Syndromes Associated with Congenital Heart Disease             Syndromes Associated with Congenital Heart Disease DiGeorge Syndrome   Interrupted aortic arch Down’s syndrome

Learning Radiology - Metastatic, Disease, Bone, Osteoblastic, Osteolytic             Metastatic Disease to Bone Osteoblastic, Osteolytic Metastases are most common malignant bone

Causes of Avascular Necrosis Sickle-cell disease Gaucher's Disease Polycythemia Pancreatitis Caisson's Disease Vasculitis Trauma Idiopathic Steroids

Causes of Avascular Necrosis Sickle-cell disease Gaucher's Disease Polycythemia Pancreatitis Caisson's Disease Vasculitis Trauma Idiopathic Steroids

entire colon In another 12%, they are isolated to right colon Prediverticular Disease Saw-tooth appearance to

LearningRadiology - Legg, Calve, Perthes             Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease Idiopathic Osteonecrosis of the Capital Femoral Epiphysis General Considerations Idiopathic

to interruption of the blood supply from numerous causes including: Sickle cell disease Polycythemia Arteritis, as in

LearningRadiology.com - Abdominal

LearningRadiology - Pulmonary Cavities, Differential Diagnosis, Lung   Pictorial Differential Diagnosis Click on image to enlarge; click on

LearningRadiology - Pulmonary Cavities, Differential Diagnosis, Lung   Pictorial Differential Diagnosis Click on image to enlarge; click on

Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura Foreign Body Aspiration Hamartoma Lung Hemothorax Histoplasmosis Hodgkin Disease Hyaline Membrane Disease Hypertrophic

Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura Foreign Body Aspiration Hamartoma Lung Hemothorax Histoplasmosis Hodgkin Disease Hyaline Membrane Disease Hypertrophic

Sarcoid-Stage III-Parenchymal Lung Disease without Hilar Adenopathy Sarcoid Stage IV ï�¬ End-stage lung disease-Stage 4 ï�¬ DiffuseÂ

state of consciousness of the individual ·          Pattern of disease depends on what is

diaphragm; nodal disease divided into regional and extraregional 3E: GI tumor focus with nodal disease above and below

airspace infiltrates in 80% Characteristic central location Rapid progression to diffuse airspace disease Resembles non-cardiogenic pulmonary

Learning Radiology - Renal Infarction, Infarct             Renal Infarction   General Considerations Thrombotic disease usually affects larger vessels Includes main renal artery Patients with

esophageal motility disorders often indistinguishable from primary achalasia Malignancy (especially gastric cancer) MEN, Type 2B Chagas’ disease Juvenile Sjögren’s Amyloidosis

airspace infiltrates in 80% Characteristic central location Rapid progression to diffuse airspace disease Resembles non-cardiogenic pulmonary

are seldom seen with a small amount of pleural fluid §        Parenchymal disease will almost never be

Learning Radiology - Renal Infarction, Infarct             Renal Infarction   General Considerations Thrombotic disease usually affects larger vessels Includes main renal artery Patients with

and symmetric Ankylosing spondylitis Narrowing and sclerosis Fusion eventually Almost always bilateral Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis more often

side of spine just above diaphragm Mirror-image type almost always has associated congenital heart disease (CHD) Usually Tetralogy of

LearningRadiology - Gastric Ulcer             Gastric Ulcers Causes Stress Burns=Curling ulcer Cerebral disease=Cushing ulcer Uremia        Steroid therapy Hyperparathyroidism (25% have ulcer

side of spine just above diaphragm Mirror-image type almost always has associated congenital heart disease (CHD) Usually Tetralogy of

LearningRadiology - mitral, stenosis, ms             Mitral Stenosis ·    Rheumatic disease causes mitral stenosis in 99.8% of cases

Learning Radiology - Ankylosing Spondylitis             Ankylosing Spondylitis   General Considerations Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology primarily affecting spine Most common

patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease (multiple lesions). 35-60% of von Hippel-Lindau disease patients have hemangioblastomas von

of renal urate excretion o        Secondary Gout §          Rarely cause for radiographically apparent disease §          Myeloproliferative disorders, e.g.

of cases Clinical: Bones (osteopenia, brown tumors), stones (renal calculi) and abdominal groans (ulcer disease) Laboratory: increased parathormone level

of renal urate excretion o        Secondary Gout §          Rarely cause for radiographically apparent disease §          Myeloproliferative disorders, e.g.

of acute cholecystitis Occurs more often in men As opposed to gallbladder disease in general

side of spine just above diaphragm Mirror-image type almost always has associated congenital heart disease (CHD) Usually Tetralogy of

side of spine just above diaphragm Mirror-image type almost always has associated congenital heart disease (CHD) Usually Tetralogy of

Constellation of Signs and Symptoms           • Tachypnea, dyspnea, cough             • Diffuse air-space disease on chest x-ray

have some pleural involvement-pleural plaque, diffuse pleural thickening, calcification or effusion Pleural involvement without parenchymal disease is common Parietal pleural

are usually systemically ill with other conditions such as birth asphyxia, respiratory distress or congenital heart disease Premature babies are at

LearningRadiology - Psoriatic Arthritis, Spondylitis             Psoriatic Arthritis Major points Almost always accompanies skin disease , especially nail changes Mostly involves DIP joints of

body perforation Diverticulitis (ruptured Meckel diverticulum / sigmoid diverticulum, jejunal diverticulosis) Necrotizing enterocolitis with perforation Inflammatory bowel disease (eg, toxic megacolon) Obstruction

s syndrome � Disease of young adults � Most are men � Goodpasture’s includes renal disease � Renal lesion=glomerulonephritis

Lobar involvement is most common Prenatal ultrasound is accurate in diagnosing the disease usually at a

Learning Radiology - Sprue             Sprue General Considerations • 3 diseases: Celiac Disease of Children, Nontropical sprue and Tropical

multiple ulcerations      • Polypoid —barium in interstices, frequently with ulceration; sometimes resembles metastatic disease such as melanoma       â

entire colon In another 12%, they are isolated to right colon Prediverticular Disease Saw-tooth appearance to

catheter Usually occurs as an opportunistic infection in those with Depressed immunity AIDS Hematologic disease Renal transplant Leukemia Chronic

Learning Radiology - Ulcerative Colitis             Ulcerative Colitis     Pathology Predominantly mucosal disease, possible auto-immune producing crypt abscesses Usual age at onset is

Herring, MD, FACR Scleroderma General ï�¬ 90% of patients with disease have lung disease ï�¬ About 25%Â

50 years of age: About 2 cm Prevalence: Increases with age Greater with atherosclerotic disease Male predominance Whites: Blacks

and medial rectus muscles are most commonly involved Usually bilateral, but may be asymmetric Grave’s Disease = Diffuse Toxic Goiter Autoimmune

margins, tonsillar crypts and GI tract Actinomycosis General ï�¬ Once, most common pulmonary fungal disease ï�¬ People with veryÂ

in stomach which is pathognomonic       â€¢ If antegrade , almost always into efferent loop Marginal Ulcer Disease       • New ulcerations which

Gastric Hypersecretion 2) Diarrhea or steatorrhea                3) Hyperacidity-elevated serum gastrin levels                4) Recurrent peptic ulcer disease • X-ray suggested

third month of gestation Osteoblasts eventually contain spirochetes Skeletal lesions early in disease are Osteochondritis Osteomyelitis (diaphyseal

to normal The opposite lung is very rarely involved; thus it is unilateral airspace disease resembling pulmonary edema Effusion

from them and the body Should involve 4 levels Ossification may thicken as disease becomes more chronic “Whiskering

1/3 are manifest at birth; most are some weeks later • Associated with congenital heart disease 15% of time

1/3 are manifest at birth; most are some weeks later • Associated with congenital heart disease 15% of time

Small Bowel Diffuse Small Bowel Disease-Pictorial DDx Lymphoma of the Stomach Diverticular Disease Mesenteric Vascular Ischemia Duodenal

cystic glands             • Associated with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome Villous polyp (rare)              • Can undergo malignant transformation   DDX:              • Menetrier disease (antrum is spared)              • Eosinophilic

1/3 are manifest at birth; most are some weeks later • Associated with congenital heart disease 15% of time

Webs associated with Plummer-Vinson Syndrome Webs associated with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica or graft-versus-host disease Usually found in

of femur Bone pain Most commonly involved bones are pelvis, femora In widespread disease, the skull

patients (light chains) X-ray findings Osteoporosis is most common skeletal abnormality in this disease Lesions are usually multiple

persistence of Right and Left IV branchial arches Rarely associated with Congenital Heart Disease Symptoms (of tracheal

a dermoid cyst of the ovary. For additional information about this disease, click on this icon

individuals Aerophagia Paralysis or eventration of the right hemidiaphragm Patients with chronic lung disease, cirrhosis and ascites

F Predominantly African-Americans Normal calcium and phosphorous No renal, metabolic or collagen-vascular disease Autosomal dominant with variable

esophagus (columnar metaplasia of the distal esophagus 2° chronic GE reflux)             • Celiac disease             • Lye stricture             â

vasoconstriction Mesenteric venous thrombosis   Risk Factors Atrial fibrillation/flutter Recent acute MI Ventricular aneurysm Cardiomyopathies Valvular disease Hypovolemia or hypotension (sepsis

Disk space and paravertebral soft tissues enhance on MRI Clinical Pain is present if disease  is acute Point tenderness

the hallmarks of a neuropathic joint here caused by syphilis   DDX Degenerative joint disease Eventually neuropathic joint shows

penetrating ulcer 80% of the time ·          Associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm ·          Disease progresses from intimal plaque

appendicular joints may develop In the spine: Changes of degenerative disc disease Ligamentous structures mat be

LearningRadiology - Hemophiliac Arthritis               Hemophiliac Arthritis Christmas disease is indistinguishable except milder   Females can develop hemophilia if hemophiliac male marries female carrier

true lymphoma Lack of invasion of extrapulmonary tissues in this disease Mixed cellular infiltration (as

the colon             • Family history of polyps or colon cancer             • Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s

often geographic bone lesion Sometimes permeative Destruction of bone occurs late in disease Large soft tissue mass

of femur Bone pain Most commonly involved bones are pelvis, femora In widespread disease, the skull

Causes: Ingestion of toxic material such as corrosives Alcohol ingestion Trauma Gastric infarction Ulcer disease Submucosa is invaded by

Pneumonia Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram negative rod Frequently hospital acquired Affects patients with COPD, CHF alcoholism, kidney disease, those with trachs Frequently

o        May be associated with: §          Thymic cyst §          Calcified lymph nodes (in Hodgkin disease) §          Pericarditis + effusion (within

F Predominantly African-Americans Normal calcium and phosphorous No renal, metabolic or collagen-vascular disease Autosomal dominant with variable

Adults S. aureus (most common) Enteric species Streptococcus Drug addicts Pseudomonas (most common) Klebsiella Sickle cell disease Salmonella Pathogenesis Hematogenous spread

history of lethargy and SOB and is usually associated with interstitial disease May have bullous myringitis

have widespread metastases to the liver •May be associated with Cushing’s Disease •Overall prognosis: 75

LearningRadiology - Hemophiliac Arthritis             Hemophiliac Arthritis Christmas disease is indistinguishable except milder   Females can develop hemophilia if hemophiliac male marries female carrier

decubitus positions Associated with a higher than normal incidence of peptic ulcer disease and hyperchlorhydria