v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 ALS , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis AMP , adenosine monophosphate (ADP, ATP) AMPK , AMP kinase ANCOVA

metabolism and mitochondrial number and enhanced bioenergetics increasing palmitate oxidation and ATP levels, changes also recapitulated

demonstrates that hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial superoxide production activates uncoupling protein 2, which decreases the ATP/ADP ratio and

fibrillation, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Molecular studies reveal that CYB5R3-KO hearts display decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP), increased oxidative stress, suppressed